Ancient construction knowledge construction plan

Ancient construction knowledge construction plan [quality]

Ancient construction knowledge construction plan

Decoration project and construction plan of ancient construction

Frame main body template project:

1. Construction preparation

(1) Materials (formed steel formwork)

The scope of the adaptation project is: beam, raft, raft, board, etc.

Shaped steel formwork: lengths of 600, 750, 900, 1200, 1500?, width of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300?; shaped steel angle die: yin and yang angle die, joint angle die; joint attachment: U-shaped card, L-type bolt, 3 type fastener, disc type fastener, wall bolt, hook bolt, fastening bolt; support system: column mold clamp, steel tube support, steel diagonal support, wood; release agent.

(2) Materials (homemade steel formwork)

The scope of the adaptation project is: cylindrical (column, gold column), bucket arch, raft, etc.

Column formwork: (4M long wood strip, size 25×50) 2? Galvanized iron sheet 50×5 flat steel, bolts, nuts, support steel tubes, mold release agent, rivet gun, rivet, tape, Φ6 steel ring.

Bucket arch: (5? thick, 7? thick smooth plywood, wood keel,) galvanized iron, L30 × 3 angle steel, rivet gun, rivet, tape, release agent.

檩: (4M, 3M long wood, size 30 × 50,) 2? galvanized iron, 50 × 5 flat steel, bolts, nuts, mold release agents, rivets, rivet guns, tape, mold release agent.

椽: (5? thick, 7? thick smooth plywood, 4M, 3M, 2M long wood, size 30 × 50) 2? galvanized iron, L30 × 3 angle steel, rivet gun, rivet, tape, release agent.

1.2, template production

(1) Column model design:

According to the design drawings, the column template is designed according to the diameter and specifications, and the number of template preparation is determined. h?4m column, (with size 3×5, length 4M wood strip, hoop into semi-circular wood formwork, end with connected wooden boards, two semi-circular wooden formwork buckles to form a complete column formwork. h?3 The column is made of 3×5 and 2M long wooden strips, and is hooped into a semi-circular wooden formwork. The ends are connected with wooden boards, and the two semi-circular wooden formwork is folded into a column formwork. The template is internally subsidized with galvanized iron sheets.) 4M mold, using 2? galvanized iron sheet, using a coiling machine to roll the iron sheet into a semicircle, vertical rivets and three ribs, two semi-circular iron template clasps into a complete template, and press Three flat steel hoops with fastening bolts are provided in the upper, middle and lower parts. h? 3 column, for the mold of h = 2 meters, the method is the same as above. That is, the template height is limited to 4M and 2M. (2) Bucket template design:

According to the design drawings, according to the number of buckets, horns, stigma, and flats, the arch template is layered and prefabricated. The first layer: the bucket, the right heart and the arch; the second layer: the right heart arch, The unicorns are arched and ang; the third layer: the single arch, the arch. Xiaoshengzi is prefabricated separately. The bucket arch is made of three layers of templates, (using 5?, 7? thick smooth plywood, wooden keel), and the template is made of the self-made steel template material of the bucket arch, which is numbered according to the number of layers. The three-layered eight boxes form a complete arch arch. (3) 檩 model production:

The template is made according to the specification of the diameter, and the production method is made in the same manner as the column template.

(4) Dice template production:

Divide the tweezers according to the sectional size, and number them according to the body, cerebral palsy, cockroach, and wing horn. (Use 5, 7? thick glossy plywood, 4M, 3M, 2M strip, size 3×5, etc. ) Use the tweezers - the materials required for the homemade steel formwork to make a long strip-shaped box shape.

(5) Beam, raft, raft, and plate formwork design:

This part adopts steel formwork, design the template according to the design drawing and section size, and determine the reasonable preparation quantity of the formwork. According to the conditions of on-site construction, some formwork can be prefabricated and assembled in different specifications.

Most of the roof panels are made of steel formwork, and wooden formwork is used at the yin and yang corners such as oblique beams and 檩(桁). .1.3 template installation

(1) (column template installation

Wipe the leveling layer of cement mortar according to the elevation, position the pier or position the top stone according to the position, in order to ensure the accuracy of the column axis and elevation; install the prepared semi-circular template, and tie the wire with the main bar first. Temporarily fixed, with a flat iron hoop spacing of 500, the template connection is clamped, the rod or diagonal bracing of the column mold is installed, and two tie rods are arranged on each side of the column mold, which are fixed on the pre-buried steel ring, using the theodolite The angle between the control rod and the ground is 45 degrees, and the distance between the pre-embedded steel ring and the column is 3/4 column height; the inside of the column mold is cleaned.

The dimensions of each axis between the studs must meet the design requirements, and the slings should be straightened and straightened. After the size is checked, the spurs must be firmly secured to ensure that the slings do not flash during the construction process.

Allowable deviation: 1.5/1000 of the width of the midline of the column in the direction of the width of the column, and 1.5/1000 of the depth of the centerline of the column in the depth direction. Inspection method, using a steel ruler or a rod.

(2) (bucket arch installation

Before the bucket arch is installed, the components must meet the quality requirements and be interviewed by the ground. No damage and deformation during transportation, storage and handling. The installation of the bucket arch must be carried out in the order in which the components are assembled during the trial installation. Do not arbitrarily disrupt the order. The components are required to be complete, and there must be no defective parts or missing parts. Installation order, bucket, right-handed melon arch and cockroach; right heart arch, single melon arch, ang; single talent Wan arch, box arch; placed small lift, inside and outside the raft, the installation is tight and seamless, the node is tight and moderate. In the Ang, Alice, and the head of the epidermis, pull the line, use the ruler to control the Ang, Alice, and the head straightness. In the Ang, Alice, and the end of the head pull the line, use the ruler to control the Ang, Alice, and the head into the wrong position. On the side of the cross arch and the raft (or wellhead, provocation), use a ruler to control the vertical alignment of the cross arch and the rafter. Hang the wire at the center line of the bucket arch or stick the ruler on the side of the protruding member such as the tilting head and the head. Use the ruler to control the vertical alignment of the arch. (3) (Installing beams, rafts, rafts, rafts)

The axis and horizontal line are ejected on the column. Before the pillar is installed, the pillar under the pillar is long and the scaffold is used. The pillar adopts double pillars with a spacing of 600~1000, the pillar is padded with 100×100 square wood, and the pillar is provided with scissors support and horizontal tie rod. Design the elevation to adjust the pillar elevation, then place the bottom plate, and pull the wire straight, the bottom plate should be arched. When the span is greater than 4M, it should be arched according to the design requirements. If there is no design requirement, the arch height is 1/1000~3/1000; After tying the beam reinforcement, after passing the inspection, remove the debris, install the side formwork, connect the two sides of the formwork to the bottom plate with a U-shaped card, and support the beam side truss girders with the beam girders or triangular brackets. Fixed with a fixed clip, the distance to the keel is generally 75?.

Control size: beam, column centerline alignment, alignment of the melon column centerline with the beam back centerline, beam side centerline alignment, beam front centerline alignment.

(4) (Hazelnut installation

Installation includes cockroaches, cockroaches, flower buds, cerebral palsy, wing horns, cockroaches, and Dalian 檐, Xiaolian 檐 and so on. Prior to installation, all prefabricated components must meet quality requirements and be free from damage during handling, transportation, and storage. Pull the line at the end of the bucket, the gauge is controlled, and the flying head is flush. Use the ruler to control the file evenly, pull the line, use the ruler to control the straightness of the body in Dalian, and the straightness of the body.

(5) (house panel template installation

When installing the roof slab formwork, the pillars should be vertical, and the upper and lower pillars should be centered on the centerline, and the installation should be started on the side of the first side. The first row of columns should be installed first, then the second row should be installed, and the rows should be installed one by one. Install large keel, support

The column spacing should be 80~120?, the distance between the large keels should be 60~120?, the spacing of the small keels should be 40~60?, adjust the height of the pillars, and level the big keels; lay the combined steel formwork, starting from one side, every two The U-shaped card and the L-shaped pin on the longitudinal ribs between the blocks should be fully filled. The direction of each U-shaped card should be positive and negative, not in the same direction. The large-area plate should be combined with steel molds, joints, If the inclined beam, the raft and the board are at the junction, the wooden formwork can be used; if the bamboo formwork is used as the bottom mold, the seam should be taped and seamed. After the board is finished, the level of the template is measured with a level to correct the height. After the elevation is corrected, the pillar is adjusted. Add a horizontal tie rod between them, generally 20~30? from the ground, up to about 1.6M, and should be checked frequently to ensure complete and firm.

(6) Installation of the roof panel of the cornice:

Place the scorpion according to the distance between the rafters and cut the cement pressure plate. This plate is used as a brick for the purpose of fixing the scorpion and the brick. The template of the roof panel is the scorpion wishing brick, and the following support reinforcement can be carried out. Construction of the next process.

.2 pouring of concrete:

1) (The outer template and its brackets, steel bars and embedded parts must be inspected. The debris in the outer formwork and the oil on the steel bars should be cleaned. The outer wood mold should be watered and moist, but there should be no water.

2) (Prepare concrete that meets the design requirements.

3) (The slump of the concrete pouring place should be determined according to the shape of the member, the density of the reinforcement and the pouring method. 4) (The concrete should be vibrated by vibrator, and the vibrating duration of each vibrating point should make the concrete compact The surface appears to float and no longer sinks.

5) Strictly control the water-cement ratio of concrete when forming components. No water should be added arbitrarily during forming. The vibration should be dense and not leaking. The anchorage zone at both ends of the component should be specially paid attention to; the surface of the component should be smoothed with the original slurry, and should not be sprinkled or sprinkled. Dry cement.

6) After the components are poured, the model number, date of manufacture, and date of the component shall be marked on each component and marked in a uniform position.

7) The concrete members are naturally maintained. After pouring, they should be covered and watered within 12 hours. When the average temperature is below 5 degrees, watering should not be carried out. The number of watering should keep the concrete in a sufficient wet state; Maintenance can be stopped by reaching 75% of the design strength standard value.

3 components stacked

1) (The site of the stacking components should be leveled and compacted, and there should be some gap between the components and the ground during the stacking, and there are drainage measures.

2) (should be laid flat or vertical according to the stiffness and force of the member, and should be stable. 3) (Overlapped components should be lifted upwards, the sign should be outward, and the stacking height should be according to the strength of the member, the ground The bearing capacity, the strength of the mat and the stability of the stack are determined. The position of each layer of the mat should be on a vertical line.

1) (Before the installation, the center line should be marked on the component, and the center line and the elevation and plane position of the core embedded parts of the standard university should be drawn on the support structure.

2) (The components to be installed in place must be corrected for the quasi-welding or pouring joint concrete. 3) (The joints and joints that bear the force should be concrete or mortar, and the strength grade should be higher than that of concrete members or cement mortar. The strength should not be lower than 15N/?2.

4) (The installed components should be able to withstand all design loads after the concrete strength meets the design requirements.

Loaded.

.5淌White Wall Project:

1) (The type, specification and quality of the brick must meet the design requirements.

2) (The variety of mortar must meet the design requirements, the masonry mortar must be dense and full, and the mortar fullness of the horizontal gray joint of the masonry should not be less than 80%.

3) (The brick building method, the art form of the wall and the arrangement of the bricks are in line with the traditional practice. 4) (The masonry is erected inside and outside, the bricks are staggered, the stuffing is tight, no "two skins" "Phenomenon. 5) (The wall surface is clean and beautiful, the edges and corners are neat, the gray seam is horizontal and straight, the depth is uniform and uniform, and the joints are not covered. 6) (淌白墙墙质量质量:

(1) Axis displacement: precise control of the axis with a theodolite or cable.

(2) Top surface elevation: use the water gauge or pull wire to analyze and correct the deviation of the horizontal elevation at both ends. (3) Verticality: Control by the theodolite or the hanging line, the control time is divided into two cases, the first type is controlled by the external wall of “receiving points”; the second type is controlled by the vertical wall surface.

(4) Wall flatness: Use 2M to measure horizontally, vertically, and diagonally, and use wedge-shaped feeler to adjust the deviation. (5) Horizontal gray seam straightness: Pull 2M or 5M line and control with the ruler.

(6) Horizontal gray seam thickness (10-layer cumulative analysis): Actual comparison with the leather rod is used to adjust the control with the ruler.

(7) Wall-to-wall stalking: Check with hanging wire and ruler, the first brick of the bottom layer shall prevail. .6 natural seam wall project:

1) (The type, specification and quality of the brick must meet the design requirements.

2) (The variety of mortar must meet the design requirements; the mortar must be dense and full, and the fullness of the horizontal gray mortar of the masonry should not be less than 80%.

3) (The bricks are assembled correctly, and the bricks are arranged in accordance with the ancient construction method.

4) (Walking in and out of the masonry: the masonry is erected inside and outside, the staggered bricks are staggered, the stuffing is tight, and there is no "two skins" phenomenon.

5) (Clean water wall surface: the wall surface is clean and beautiful, the edges and corners are neat, the gray seam is horizontal and vertical, the light is even and uniform, and there is no smearing.

6) (The control of the quality of the natural seam wall masonry participates in the “white wall”.

7 watt roofing project

.7.1 The roofing process is as follows:

(1) Back

Because the waterproof and heat-insulating material is on the cast-in-place board or the cushion layer, according to the design, the shelf of the roof truss is made to be cystic, and behind the coke residue, a layer of hemp ash must be applied on the back of the coke residue. (It should be noted that it is best to slam the back of the mountain from the position of the mountain and then squat back, otherwise the tiling will exceed the position of the raft, the ridge position is back, small, and the head The back can not be too thick).

(2) Minute 陇

1) Hangshan Building is divided into medium number 陇

A Find the lateral midpoint of the positive ridge.

B. Return the two wains from the top of the ridge and find the midpoint of the second wavy.

C translates the three midpoints to the front and rear sloping heads and nails five watts per slope at the midpoint. D rushes to the wattle between the determined puddles. The mouth of the mouth should be 15% smaller than the skin of the flail, and the part that retreats is the bird.

E will place each of the tiling points on the ridge.

(The front and rear slopes of the mountain are divided into the middle and the same temple, but the two ends of the mouth should start from the outer skin of the seam.) 2) 庑 建筑 建筑 建筑 建筑 建筑 分 分 中

A. Find the midline of the ridge and mark it on the gray back of the head. This center line is the middle line of the bottom of the head.

B centered on this center line, put three watts, find the midpoint of the other two wains, and then put the three midpoints on the gray back.

C. The three midpoints are translated onto the flails, and the three waffles are fixed at the midpoint. Since there are only one bottom shingles and two shingles in the shrine, the shingles are already in the middle of the split. Well, it has been marked on the ridge, and the 12 midline of the front and rear slopes and the two heads are the standard for the work of the roof of the temple.

D. The wing angles are not divided. The watts are traversed between the front and rear slopes and the spuds. It should be noted that the two openings at the intersection of the front and rear slopes and the head should be 2/10~3/10 shorter than the other openings. Otherwise, the hook will not be able to press the wing of the cut-off drop tile.

3) The rest of the building

A find the midline of the ridge.

B leads the intersection of the front and rear slopes and the corner line of the corner beam perpendicularly to the head.

C will find three midpoints to translate to the flail.

D hurricane between the three slabs, to be singular.

E fixed tile.

F translates the midpoint of each tiling to the ridge and marks it.

(3) Wawa